METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS AND CONTEMPORARY TRANSFORMATIONS OF UKRAINE’S INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHANGES AND WARTIME CHALLENGES

Abstract

The article examines contemporary transformations of Ukraine’s international economic relations under conditions of global structural changes and wartime challenges. The relevance of the topic is обусловлена the intensification of the contradictory impact of globalization, deglobalization, and regionalization processes on the development of the national economy, which is accompanied by growing external economic risks and structural imbalances and necessitates the improvement of state regulation mechanisms.. The paper systematizes modern scientific approaches to the study of international economic relations and identifies key factors of their transformation. It is established that the current stage of world economic development is characterized by the need to find an optimal balance between the openness of national markets and the preservation of economic sovereignty. It is demonstrated that Ukraine’s economy is influenced by contradictory global trends which, on the one hand, expand opportunities for integration into the global economic space, and on the other hand, intensify the risks of external economic dependence. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the commodity structure of Ukraine’s exports and imports for 2010–2025, significant structural imbalances in foreign trade have been identified, manifested in the dominance of raw materials in exports and the growing technological import dependence. The presence of a persistent negative trade balance has been confirmed, which limits the possibilities for sustainable economic development. The study of balance of payments indicators confirms its “chronic” imbalance, characterized by a current account deficit, instability of financial flows, and increased external economic vulnerability of the state. Considerable attention is given to the impact of wartime factors on Ukraine’s international economic relations. The expediency of applying a comprehensive methodology for analyzing international economic processes, combining quantitative and qualitative research tools, is substantiated.