PERIODIZATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MIGRATION PROCESSES IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article examines the periodization of the development of migration processes in Ukraine for the period 1991–2025. Combining a systematic review of the literature with a bibliometric analysis of publication activity in the Scopus, the study maps the evolution of scholarly attention to migration and demonstrates its interdisciplinary character. On the basis of empirical evidence and synthesis of secondary sources, the author proposes an original six-stage periodization: (1) liberalization of mobility and post-Soviet restructuring (1991–1996); (2) consolidation of external labour migration and establishment of stable migration channels (1997–2004); (3) strengthening of the European vector and diversification of mobility forms (2005–2013); (4) onset of armed conflict and formation of systems for forced internal displacement (2014–2017); (5) expansion of cross-border mobility alongside pandemic-related restrictions and adjustments (2018–2021); and (6) transformation of forced mobility during the full-scale war (2022–2025). The article characterizes the dominant drivers, typical destinations and trajectories, and institutional responses for each stage, and traces a clear shift from predominantly economically motivated labour mobility toward mixed and large-scale forced movements.

Key findings highlight significant implications for the national labour market, demographic resilience, territorial development and the reproduction of human capital, as well as the emergence of complex scenarios (temporary protection, secondary migration, return and reintegration) that require differentiated policy responses. The study concludes by calling for further interdisciplinary research using harmonized quantitative indicators and regional case studies to assess long-term effects on human capital, regional development and economic security.