METHOTOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF ANALYZING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF WHOLESALE TRADE ENTERPRISES

Abstract

In the context of Ukraine’s European integration trajectory, economic decarbonization is identified as a key component of modern environmental policy and an essential instrument of state regulation aimed at achieving climate neutrality and sustainable development. The relevance of this research is intensified by the challenges of post-war recovery, which require the simultaneous restoration of economic capacity, modernization of production systems, and reduction of environmental pressure. Under conditions of ongoing military aggression, financial and economic instability, political uncertainty, and deepening ecological degradation, the formation of an effective decarbonization policy becomes a strategic priority for Ukraine.

The article analyzes the scientific contributions of domestic and foreign scholars concerning the conceptual foundations of economic decarbonization as a mechanism for combating climate change, outlining its economic, environmental, and social benefits, as well as key barriers to implementation. Particular attention is paid to market-based instruments and regulatory mechanisms for building a low-carbon economy, including fiscal incentives, emissions trading approaches, carbon taxation, and investment support for green technologies. The study identifies a significant gap in existing research related to the management and governance aspects of economic decarbonization in Ukraine, especially under wartime conditions and in the context of alignment with European environmental standards.

The purpose of the article is to formulate a system of priority measures for economic decarbonization and to substantiate strategic directions for improving Ukraine’s environmental policy within the framework of state regulation of environmental protection activities, taking into account technological innovations and best international practices. The research systematizes instruments for implementing state environmental policy aimed at decarbonization and evaluates their applicability in Ukraine.

Methodologically, the study employs SWAN analysis to provide a comprehensive assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, advantages, and needs of Ukraine’s decarbonization policy, while PEST analysis is used to identify key external political, economic, social, technological, investment, and innovation-related factors influencing decarbonization processes. To ensure a reduction in CO₂ emissions, create stable financial sources for the Ukraine Decarbonization Fund, and enhance compliance with European requirements, the article proposes introducing a CO₂ emissions tax on fuel as part of the general fuel excise tax. Additionally, the implementation of a national vehicle CO₂ emissions monitoring system is recommended to support evidence-based policy-making and improve the effectiveness of state regulation in the field of economic decarbonization.