MANAGEMENT OF NON-CURRENT ASSETS OF AN ENTERPRISE: ORGANIZATIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS

Abstract

The article reveals the theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation, evaluation, and management of non-current assets of an enterprise in modern economic conditions. It is substantiated that the effective functioning of economic entities directly depends on the availability, structure, and level of use of non-current assets, which form the production potential of an enterprise and affect its financial results, competitiveness, and market value. Scientific approaches to interpreting the essence of non-current assets are summarized, their key characteristics are highlighted, and their role in ensuring the stability of financial and economic activities is determined. The paper systematizes the main functions of non-current assets in the process of production, sales, and enterprise management, and reveals their importance as a source of cash flow and financial stability. Considerable attention is paid to the policy of managing non-current assets, defining its purpose, objectives, and place in the enterprise's financial management system. The classification of non-current asset management tasks is presented and the stages of this process are described, taking into account the strategic and tactical goals of enterprise development. Methodological approaches to determining the enterprise's need for fixed assets are studied, in particular, direct and indirect calculation methods, as well as the peculiarities of planning the volume of production equipment, machinery, structures, and means of managing operational activities. Indicators for assessing the availability, condition, and efficiency of fixed assets are systematized, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of their level of involvement in the economic process. Particular attention is paid to the processes of reproduction and renewal of fixed assets, the essence of simple and expanded reproduction is revealed, as well as the role of depreciation as the main instrument for financing long-term assets. Methods for calculating depreciation in accordance with national accounting regulations (standards) and the requirements of Ukrainian tax legislation have been summarized. The principles of financing non-current assets have been substantiated, in particular, ensuring an optimal volume of financial resources, a rational balance of capital sources, minimizing the cost of borrowed funds, and increasing the efficiency of their use. It is concluded that the formation of an effective system of non-current asset management is a necessary condition for improving the efficiency of an enterprise's economic activity, ensuring its financial stability, and implementing a long-term development strategy in a dynamic external environment.